代词是初中英语包括中考英语老师中势必要考到的语法学问点,亦然英语学习经由中的基础。
底下宇宙就和竭诚一齐来望望需要宇宙掌持的代词的学问点有哪些吧。
代词的分类:东说念主称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指令代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连结代词和不定代词等。
1、 东说念主称代词:东说念主称代词代替东说念主和事物的称号,分为主格和宾格两种神色。
第一东说念主称单数 第二东说念主称单数 第三东说念主称单数 第一东说念主称复数 第二东说念主称复数 第三东说念主称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 主格 I(我) you (你) he(他) she(她) it(它) we(咱们) you(你们) they (他们,她们,它们) 宾格 me(我) you (你) him(他) her(她) it(她) us(咱们) you(你们) them (他们,她们,它们)
(1)主格用来作句子的主语、表语。
I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物)
Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西东说念主吗?)
Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?)
It’s he!(是他!)
(2)宾格用来作及物动词能够介词的宾语。
Who teaches you English this year?(本年谁教你们的英语?)
Help me!(救救我!)
We often write letters to her.(咱们常给他写信)
(3)东说念主称代词作表语能够放在比拟状语从句连词than或as之后时,不错用主格神色,也不错用宾格神色,白话中大多用宾格。
–It’s I/me.(是我。)
(4)三个不同东说念主称同期出现,能够主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的规章抒发。
Both he and I are working at that computer company.
(我和他齐在那家电脑公司上班)
–Who will go there?(谁要去那处?)
–You and me.(你和我)
(5)东说念主称代词it除了不错指东说念主指物以外,还不错暗意“工夫、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还不错作“非东说念主称代词”使用,替代作东语能够宾语的不定式、动名词能够名词性从句。
--What’s the time?(几点啦?)
–It’s 12:00.(12点)
It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路)
It took him three days to clean his house.
.(打扫房子花了他三天的工夫)
It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space
(很昭彰,公众念念知说念这些东说念主什么时候能投入天际)
2 、物主代词:评释事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
第一东说念主称单数 第二东说念主称单数 第三东说念主称单数 第一东说念主称复 数 第二东说念主称复数 第三东说念主称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 形容词性 my(我的) your(你的) his(他的) her(她的) its(它的) our(咱们的) your(你们的) their (他们的,她们的,它们的) 名词性 mine(我的) Yours(你的) his(他的) hers(她的) its(她的) ours(咱们的) yours(你们的) theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)
(1)形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后头要跟名词。
Is that your umbrella?
(那是你的伞吗?)
I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.
(我平凡在星期天去访问大姨)
They are their books.(是他们的书)
(2)名词性物主代词超越于名词,既代替事物又标明所属关系,在句子中往往独无意作东语、宾语能够表语,后头千万不能以跟名词。
This is your cup,but where is mine?
(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿?)
Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.
(你们的教室很大,咱们的超越小)
(3)“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重通盘格,作定语时放在名词的后头。
A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.
(我的一个一又友昨天来看我了) (指若干一又友中有一个来看我。)
My friend came to see me yesterday.
(我的一又友昨天来看我了)(指我的阿谁特定的一又友来看我。)
3、反身代词:暗意谓语的看成与主语关系能够宾语补足语的看成与宾语关系。
第一东说念主称单数 第二东说念主称单数 第三东说念主称单数 第一东说念主称复数 第二东说念主称复数 第三东说念主称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 myself(我我方) yourself(你我方) himself(他我方) herself(她我方) itself(它我方) ourselves(咱们我方) yourselves(你们我方) themselves (他们/她们/它们我方)
(1)反身代词在句子中朽木难雕暗意反射(指一个看成回到该看成执行者本人)。
Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself .
(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)
(2)在句子中作同位语暗意强调(即用来强调名词或代词的口吻)。
The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.
(故事本人是好的,仅仅他莫得讲好)
4.指令代词: 指令评释近处能够辽远、上文能够下文、昔时能够面前的东说念主或事物。
单数 复数 含义 this(这个) these(这些) 指较近的东说念主和物 that(阿谁) those(那些) 指较远的东说念主和物 such (这么的东说念主/物) 指上文提过的东说念主和物 same (相通的东说念主/物) 指和上文提过的琢磨的东说念主和物 it (这东说念主/这物) 指不太明晰是谁能够是什么时
指令代词既不错单独使用作念句子的主语、宾语或表语,也不错作定语修饰名词。
What’s this?(这是什么?) /
That model plane is made of plastic.
(那只模子飞机是塑料作念的)(被迫句) /
Remember never to do such things.
(记起遥远不要作念这么的事情) /
Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按竭诚说的作念)/
---Who is it?(是谁?) -
--It’s me!(是我!)
5.关系代词:用来携带定语从句的代词叫关系代词
1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom、whose、as 等,将定语从句和主句连结起来。
英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的身分,另一方面又起连结作用。
The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.(正在画画的学生是一年龄的)
2、关系代词who / whom指东说念主,要是作从句的宾语,则有时不详。
Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat?
(你坚强阿谁戴着红帽子的男东说念主吗?)
3、关系代词which 指物,要是作从句的宾语,则有时不详。
Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?
(你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗?)
4、关系代词that既可指东说念主也可指物,要是作从句的宾语,则有时不详。
Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?(你看得见顺着河跑的男东说念主/狗了吗?)
6.连结代词:用来携带宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连结词称连结代词。 英语中连结代词主要有:what,who,whom,which,whose
7.疑问代词:用来提议问题的代词称为疑问代词。
1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特等疑问句中,一般放在句首。白话中也常用who代替whom朽木难雕,但在介词后则只能用whom。
Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?
(你齐邀请了谁参加你的诞辰约聚的?) /
What does she want to be when she grows up?
(她长大了念念干什么?)
2、who 和whom只能零丁使用,其中who不错作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语;而what、which、whose等既不错零丁使用作东语、表语和宾语,也不错与名词组成疑问短语。
Who is that man?(那男的是谁?)
What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么心理?)
Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的?)(被迫句)
3、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的东说念主或事物决定单复数,关联词平凡用单数;要是修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。
Who is (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里?)
What is that? (那是什么?)
What are those? (那些是什么?)
What colours do they have?(它们有哪些心理?)
8.不定代词:代替或修饰不专指的东说念主或事物的代词叫不定代词。
单数含义 someany nonone / / each(every) one either,neither so the other,another 复合不定代词 不能数含义 much little,a little all / / / / / 复数含义 many few,a few ones both others,the others
※ 注:复合不定代词有12个:something(某事), someone(某东说念主), somebody(某东说念主), anything
(任何事), anyone(任何东说念主), anybody(任何东说念主), nothing(没事),nobody(莫得东说念主), no one(莫得东说念主), everything(一切), everyone(每个东说念主), everybody(每个东说念主).
1、some和 any 的用法:
some一般用于确定句中,酷爱是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不能数名词。
I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要作念)
They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那处)
some 用于疑问句时,暗意建议、苦求或但愿获取确定恢复。
Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗?)
any 一般用于疑问句或辩说句中,酷爱是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不能数名词。
They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里莫得一又友)
Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗?)
any 用于确定句时,酷爱是“任何的”。
Come here with any friend.(武断带什么一又友来吧。)
2、no和none的用法:
no是形容词,只能作定语暗意,酷爱是“莫得”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不能数名词。
There is no time left. Please hurry up.(莫得工夫了,请快点) /
They had no reading books to lend.
(他们莫得阅读用书不错出借)
none只能零丁使用,在句子中可作东语、宾语和表语,酷爱是“莫得一个东说念主(或事物)”,暗意复数或单数。
None of them is/are in the classroom.
(他们当中莫得一个在教室里) /
I have many books, but none is interesting.
(我有许多的书,但莫得一册是酷爱酷爱的)
3、all和both的用法:
all指三者或三者以上的东说念主或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不能数名词。
both指两个东说念主或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。
all和both在句子中作东语、宾语、表语、定语等。
I know all of the four British students in their school.
(他们学校里四个英国粹生我全坚强)
--Would you like this one or that one? –Both.
(你要这个照旧阿谁?两个齐要。)
all和both既不错修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也不错零丁使用,禁受“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的神色,其中的of 不错不详。
All (of) the boys are naughty.(是男孩齐躁急)
4、every和each用法:
every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,酷爱是“每一个”,暗意合座观念;
each是形容词、代词,可用作东语、宾语、定语等,酷爱是“每个”能够“各个”,暗意单个观念;each不错放在名词前,不错后跟of短语,与动词同期出刻下要放在“be动词、助动词、表情动词”之后能够行动动词之前
5、either和neither的用法:
either酷爱是“两个中间的任何一个”;neither是either的辩说神色,酷爱是“两个齐不”。
neither和either在句子中可作东语、宾语和定语等,齐用作单数。
I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介怀喝些什么,两个之中武断哪个齐行)
--Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去照旧坐轿车去?一个齐不坐,我坐火车去。)
6、other、the other和another的用法:
other酷爱是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数神色。在句子中可作东语、宾语和定语。
another酷爱是“另外”、“又一个”,暗意加多,在句中可朽木难雕和定语。
Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.
(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上言语)
You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你仍是吃了好几块饼子了,你确实还要一块?)
I want another four books.(我还要四本书)
another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数目上阔别,只好两个时用the other,在原先基础上加多用another。
This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?
(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢?)
I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.
(我仍是吃了4块蛋糕,关联词我还要以块。)
others与the others的主要区别:
others指“剩余的东说念主/物”(指大部分);
the others指“其余的东说念主/物”,(指全部)。
A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些东说念主在不雅看)
Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他东说念主齐围着他们坐着。)
7.many和much的用法:
many酷爱是“许多”,与可数名词复数连用;
much酷爱是“许多”,与不能数名词连用。
它们在句中可作东语、宾语和定语等。
I don’t have many friends here.(在这里我莫得许多的一又友。) Many died in the bus accident.(许多东说念主在公交车祸中丧失)
We can learn much with the help of him.
(在他的匡助之下咱们能学到许多)
many和much一般用于辩说句,确定句中平凡用a lot of 能够lots of; many / much用于确定句时不错在前边加上so、very或too.
There are a lot of people on the playground.
(操场上有许多的东说念主)
They haven’t got much work to do.
(他们莫得几许事情可作念)
There are too many people in the room.
(房间里东说念主太多了。)
8、few、little、a few、a little的用法:
few、little酷爱是“很少几个”、“险些莫得”,有辩说的酷爱,
a few、a little酷爱是“有几个”、“有些”,有确定的酷爱 ,
few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物,
little、a little与不能数名词连用或代替不能数的事物。
它们在句中可作东语、宾语和定语。
He is very poor and he has little money.
(他很穷,险些莫得什么钱。)
Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.
(别张惶,还有少许儿工夫呢。)
In that polar region there live few people.
(在阿谁极地地区险些不住东说念主)
You can get a few sweets from him.
(你不错从他那处弄到一些糖果)
9、复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 组成的,叫作念复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。
somebody, something, someone 一般用于确定句中,
anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、辩说句和要求状语从句中。
修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后头。
Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.
(嗨,丽丽,门外有东说念主。)
Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么东说念主了吗?)
He has nothing much to do today.(他今天莫得几许事情作念)
10、one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个东说念主或事物,前边不错加冠词、形容词、指令代词、which等。
Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?
(你要哪件夹克,这件照旧那件?
I don’t like the green ones.
(我不可爱绿色的那些)
11、so不错代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。
I don’t think so.(我觉得不是这么的。)
He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一册书,我亦然。)
12、a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别:五个“名词+介词”短语齐暗意“多数,许多”。
a lot of(或lots of)既不错修饰不能数名词也不错修饰可数名词的复数神色,不错相应地换为much和many;
plenty of“富余、多数”,既不错修饰不能数名词也不错修饰可数名词的复数神色。
a number of / large numbers of只能以修饰可数名词复数神色(它修饰的词作东语时谓语用复数神色)不错换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。
a great deal of只能以修饰不能数名词(它修饰的词作东语时谓语用单数神色)不错换为much。
A lot of people think that time is money.
(许多的东说念主觉得工夫便是财富。)
I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的工夫。)
I have a number of letters to write today.
(今天我有好多信要写)
I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.
(在购物方面我奢靡了多数的工夫/财富。)
13、none、no one、nobody的区别:
no one和nobody齐暗意“莫得东说念主”,仅指东说念主,后头不跟of 短语,作东语时谓语用单数神色;
none暗意“莫得一个东说念主/物”,可指东说念主也不错指物,后头可跟of短语,作东语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。
No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.
(莫得东说念主知说念他是奈何搞到那张票的)
Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.
(昨天莫得一个东说念主交作文。)
None of my friends came to see me that day.
(那天莫得一个一又友来看我。)
9.彼此代词:暗意彼此关系的词叫彼此代词。
each other ,one another是彼此代词,译成“彼此”,不错通用。each other暗意两者之间,而one anther暗意许多东说念主之间。它们有通盘格神色each other’s ,one another’s。
We must help each other when we are in trouble.
(咱们身处窘境时要彼此匡助。)
They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那处,彼此齐不言语。)
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